Nissan Stagea WC34 — Buyer's Guide & Specs

The Nissan Stagea is a Skyline-based, AWD-capable performance wagon best known in 260RS Autech form with RB26 power. Values are strongest for clean, unmodified examples; rising U.S. eligibility is lifting prices, while rough imports remain a false economy.

Looking to buy? Browse Nissan Stagea listings →

Key Takeaways

  • 260RS Autech is the blue-chip Stagea.
  • Stock, rust-free imports command the premium.
  • AWD wagons are rising with U.S. 25-year eligibility.
  • Series 2 updates are preferred for usability.
  • Parts overlap with Skyline helps, but trim bits are scarce.
  • Auto NA cars are cheapest but least collectible.

Technical Specifications

Engine Options

Engine Displacement Power Boost Notes
RB20E 2.0L 130PS @ 5600rpm N/A SOHC 12V; torque 171Nm @ 4400
RB20DE 2.0L 155PS @ 6400rpm N/A DOHC; torque 186Nm @ 4400
RB25DE 2.5L 190PS @ 6400rpm N/A DOHC; torque 230Nm @ 4800
RB25DE (NEO) 2.5L 200PS @ 6000rpm N/A NEO head; torque 255Nm @ 4000
RB25DET 2.5L 235PS @ 6400rpm 9.0 psi Turbo; torque 294Nm @ 4800
RB25DET (NEO) 2.5L 260PS @ 6400rpm 9.0 psi NEO; torque 333Nm @ 3200
RB26DETT 2.6L 280PS @ 6800rpm 10.2 psi Twin turbo; torque 368Nm @ 4400
VQ25DD 2.5L 215PS @ 6400rpm N/A NEO Di; torque 269Nm @ 4400
VQ30DD 3.0L 260PS @ 6400rpm N/A NEO Di; torque 324Nm @ 4800
VQ25DET 2.5L 280PS @ 6400rpm 9.0 psi Single turbo; torque 408Nm @ 3200
VQ35DE 3.5L 272PS @ 6000rpm N/A NA; torque 353Nm @ 4800

Transmission Options

Type Ratios Availability Notes
5-speed Manual (FS5R30A) 3.214/1.925/1.302/1.000/0.752 WC34 25t RS/RS FOUR (some) RB25DET; RWD/AWD applications
5-speed Manual (FS5R30A, GT-R spec) 3.214/1.925/1.302/1.000/0.752 260RS Autech only RB26DETT; pull-type clutch
4-speed Automatic (RE4R01A) 2.785/1.545/1.000/0.694 WC34 NA grades RB20/RB25DE; lock-up (spec dep.)
5-speed Automatic (RE5R01A) 3.540/2.264/1.471/1.000/0.834 WC34 RB25DET (some), M35 all Electronic control; lock-up

Livability

Headroom
38.0"
Good front headroom; sunroof reduces space
Rear Seats
Usable for adults
Decent legroom; center seat narrow, upright
Cargo
25-55 cu ft
Wagon practical; wheel tubs reduce flat width

Variants & Trims

Generation Trim Engine Key Features
WC34 (Series 1) 25t RS FOUR RB25DET ATTESA E-TS AWD, turbo, 4WS (HICAS on some), 5AT/5MT
WC34 (Series 1) 25t RS FOUR S RB25DET ATTESA AWD, sport suspension, aero, 5AT/5MT
WC34 (Series 1) 25t RS FOUR V RB25DET ATTESA AWD, higher equipment, climate, 5AT/5MT
WC34 (Series 1) 25t RS FOUR V Prime Edition RB25DET ATTESA AWD, Prime trim, leather option, 5AT
WC34 (Series 1) 25t RS FOUR Autech Version RB25DET Autech-tuned, ATTESSA AWD, unique aero/trim, 5AT
WC34 (Series 1) 25t RS RB25DET RWD, turbo, sport suspension (grade dep.), 5AT/5MT
WC34 (Series 1) 25t RS S RB25DET RWD, sport suspension, aero, 5AT/5MT
WC34 (Series 1) 25t RS V RB25DET RWD, higher equipment, climate, 5AT/5MT
WC34 (Series 1) 25t RS V Prime Edition RB25DET RWD, Prime trim, leather option, 5AT
WC34 (Series 1) 25X FOUR RB25DE ATTESA AWD, NA, family equipment focus, 4AT
WC34 (Series 1) 25X FOUR S RB25DE ATTESA AWD, NA, sport appearance, 4AT
WC34 (Series 1) 25X FOUR V RB25DE ATTESA AWD, NA, higher equipment, 4AT
WC34 (Series 1) 25X RB25DE RWD, NA, value grade, 4AT
WC34 (Series 1) 25X S RB25DE RWD, NA, sport appearance, 4AT
WC34 (Series 1) 25X V RB25DE RWD, NA, higher equipment, 4AT
WC34 (Series 1) 20RS FOUR RB20E ATTESA AWD, SOHC NA, value grade, 4AT
WC34 (Series 1) 20RS RB20E RWD, SOHC NA, value grade, 4AT
WC34 (Series 1) 20X FOUR RB20DE ATTESA AWD, DOHC NA, mid grade, 4AT
WC34 (Series 1) 20X RB20DE RWD, DOHC NA, mid grade, 4AT
WC34 (Series 2) 260RS Autech Version RB26DETT GT-R powertrain, ATTESA AWD, Brembo, 5MT only
WC34 (Series 2) 25t RS FOUR RB25DET (NEO) ATTESA AWD, turbo NEO, updated interior, 5AT/5MT
WC34 (Series 2) 25t RS FOUR S RB25DET (NEO) ATTESA AWD, sport suspension, aero, 5AT/5MT
WC34 (Series 2) 25t RS FOUR V RB25DET (NEO) ATTESA AWD, higher equipment, climate, 5AT/5MT
WC34 (Series 2) 25t RS RB25DET (NEO) RWD, turbo NEO, updated interior, 5AT/5MT
WC34 (Series 2) 25t RS S RB25DET (NEO) RWD, sport suspension, aero, 5AT/5MT
WC34 (Series 2) 25t RS V RB25DET (NEO) RWD, higher equipment, climate, 5AT/5MT
WC34 (Series 2) 25X FOUR RB25DE (NEO) ATTESA AWD, NA NEO, updated interior, 4AT
WC34 (Series 2) 25X FOUR S RB25DE (NEO) ATTESA AWD, NA NEO, sport appearance, 4AT
WC34 (Series 2) 25X FOUR V RB25DE (NEO) ATTESA AWD, NA NEO, higher equipment, 4AT
WC34 (Series 2) 25X RB25DE (NEO) RWD, NA NEO, value grade, 4AT
WC34 (Series 2) 25X S RB25DE (NEO) RWD, NA NEO, sport appearance, 4AT
WC34 (Series 2) 25X V RB25DE (NEO) RWD, NA NEO, higher equipment, 4AT
M35 (Series 1) 250t RS FOUR VQ25DET ATTESA AWD, turbo V6, 5AT, sport grade
M35 (Series 1) 250t RS FOUR V VQ25DET ATTESA AWD, turbo V6, 5AT, higher equipment
M35 (Series 1) 250t RS VQ25DET RWD, turbo V6, 5AT, sport grade
M35 (Series 1) 250t RS V VQ25DET RWD, turbo V6, 5AT, higher equipment
M35 (Series 1) 250RS FOUR VQ25DD ATTESA AWD, direct injection NA, 5AT
M35 (Series 1) 250RS FOUR V VQ25DD ATTESA AWD, DI NA, higher equipment, 5AT
M35 (Series 1) 250RS VQ25DD RWD, DI NA, 5AT
M35 (Series 1) 250RS V VQ25DD RWD, DI NA, higher equipment, 5AT
M35 (Series 1) 300RX FOUR VQ30DD ATTESA AWD, DI NA V6, 5AT
M35 (Series 1) 300RX FOUR V VQ30DD ATTESA AWD, DI NA, higher equipment, 5AT
M35 (Series 1) 300RX VQ30DD RWD, DI NA V6, 5AT
M35 (Series 1) 300RX V VQ30DD RWD, DI NA, higher equipment, 5AT
M35 (Series 1) AR-X FOUR VQ25DD Raised ride height, ATTESA AWD, cladding, 5AT
M35 (Series 1) AR-X FOUR (VQ30) VQ30DD Raised ride height, ATTESA AWD, cladding, 5AT
M35 (Series 2) 250t RS FOUR VQ25DET ATTESA AWD, turbo V6, 5AT, facelift
M35 (Series 2) 250t RS FOUR V VQ25DET ATTESA AWD, turbo V6, 5AT, higher equip
M35 (Series 2) 250t RS VQ25DET RWD, turbo V6, 5AT, facelift
M35 (Series 2) 250t RS V VQ25DET RWD, turbo V6, 5AT, higher equip
M35 (Series 2) 250RS FOUR VQ25DD ATTESA AWD, DI NA, 5AT, facelift
M35 (Series 2) 250RS FOUR V VQ25DD ATTESA AWD, DI NA, 5AT, higher equip
M35 (Series 2) 250RS VQ25DD RWD, DI NA, 5AT, facelift
M35 (Series 2) 250RS V VQ25DD RWD, DI NA, 5AT, higher equip
M35 (Series 2) 350RX VQ35DE RWD, 3.5L NA V6, 5AT, top performance
M35 (Series 2) 350RX FOUR VQ35DE ATTESA AWD, 3.5L NA V6, 5AT
M35 (Series 2) AR-X FOUR VQ35DE Raised ride height, ATTESA AWD, cladding, 5AT
M35 (Series 2) Axis (Autech) VQ25DD/VQ35DE Autech luxury trim, leather, unique bumpers, 5AT
M35 (Series 2) Rider (Autech) VQ25DD/VQ25DET/VQ35DE Autech aero, tuned styling, sport seats (grade dep.)
C34 (Nissan Stagea 260RS export/other) 260RS Autech Version RB26DETT GT-R driveline, ATTESA AWD, Brembo, 5MT only

Should You Buy a Nissan Stagea WC34?

Why You'll Love It

  • Skyline DNA in a wagon WC34 shares architecture/parts with R33-era cars, giving real performance roots with wagon utility.
  • 260RS Autech halo model RB26DETT, AWD, and limited production create strong collector demand and liquidity at auction.
  • Practical performance package Big cargo space, usable rear seats, and long-roof stability make it a true do-it-all JDM.
  • AWD traction and tuning headroom ATTESA-style AWD variants put power down well; turbo RB/VQ setups respond strongly to mods.
  • Strong aftermarket (WC34) RB25/RB26 ecosystem means plentiful performance parts; many Skyline upgrades cross over.
  • Value vs. Skyline coupes Often cheaper than equivalent Skyline performance while offering similar driveline character.
  • Distinctive niche appeal Fast wagon rarity boosts enthusiast interest; stands out at events without supercar pricing.

Why You Might Not

  • Import condition variability Auction-grade imports can hide rust, accident repairs, and wiring hacks; inspection is critical.
  • Trim and wagon-specific parts Glass, interior plastics, tailgate parts, and seals can be hard to source vs. mechanical items.
  • Aging electronics and HVAC Climate control, displays, and sensors can be intermittent; diagnosis time adds ownership cost.
  • Automatic-heavy market Many are 4AT/5AT; manuals are rarer and pricier, affecting enthusiast desirability.
  • Fuel economy and weight AWD wagons are heavy; turbo models drink fuel, and brakes/suspension wear faster when modified.
  • Modified cars can be risky Poor tunes, boost creep, and drivetrain stress are common; stock or documented builds are safer.
  • 260RS running costs RB26 maintenance, AWD components, and collector expectations raise costs; originality matters.

Who Should NOT Buy This

  • Anyone needing easy parts availability at dealers
  • Buyers who can’t wrench or pay specialty shops
  • People who need guaranteed emissions compliance
  • States with strict inspections and no JDM support
  • Anyone expecting modern crash safety standards
  • Drivers wanting quiet, rattle-free daily comfort
  • People who won’t run matching tires on AWD
  • Buyers who hate chasing electrical gremlins
  • Anyone without budget for baseline maintenance
  • Those expecting 25+ mpg consistently
  • People who need OBD2 plug-in diagnostics
  • Anyone allergic to occasional oil leaks
  • Owners without secure parking (theft/vandal risk)
  • People who won’t use premium fuel only
  • Buyers wanting cheap insurance and easy claims
  • Anyone who can’t tolerate 90s Nissan plastics
  • People who need strong AC in extreme heat
  • Those who want stock power but buy modified cars
  • Anyone who won’t do rust prevention/undercoating
  • Drivers expecting modern infotainment and CarPlay
  • People who need low running costs and zero drama
  • Anyone who can’t wait for imported parts shipping
  • Those who won’t verify timing belt history (RB)
  • People who want a set-and-forget automatic trans
  • Anyone who needs third-row seating

Common Issues & Solutions

Issue Cause Solution Est. Cost
RB timing belt overdue Unknown history; age cracks idlers/pump Full belt kit + water pump + seals $900-1800
RB coil pack misfire Heat-aged coils, cracked boots, bad harness New coils + harness repair + plugs $500-1400
RB oil pump failure risk High rpm + stock pump/collar on some builds Upgrade pump/collar during rebuild $1200-3500
Low oil pressure (RB) Worn bearings, thin oil, tired pump Compression/oil tests; rebuild if low $3500-9000
Turbo seals smoking Worn CHRA, poor oil drain, high crankcase Rebuild/replace turbo; fix drains/PCV $900-2500
Boost leaks/poor response Old couplers, cracked IC, loose clamps Pressure test; replace couplers/clamps $150-600
Overheating in traffic Old radiator, weak fan clutch, air pockets New rad, thermostat, fan/clutch, bleed $500-1400
Heater core leak Age corrosion; coolant neglect Replace heater core; flush system $700-1600
Coolant/oil cross-contam Head gasket, oil cooler, or cracked head Pressure tests; repair root cause $1200-4500
Fuel pump weak/lean Old pump, clogged sock, low voltage feed Replace pump + filter; check wiring $250-800
Fuel hose cracking Old rubber, ethanol exposure, heat Replace all bay fuel hoses with EFI hose $150-500
MAF sensor failure Contamination, age, bad grounds Replace MAF; repair wiring/grounds $250-700
O2 sensor lazy/rich Age, exhaust leaks, leaded fuel use Replace O2; fix leaks; verify AFR $200-600
Vacuum hose brittleness Heat cycles; original hoses crack Replace all vacuum lines; re-route cleanly $80-300
Cam cover gasket leak Hardened gaskets; warped covers New gaskets/half moons; reseal properly $250-900
Front main seal leak Age; crankcase pressure; poor prior work Replace seal; address PCV; inspect pulley $300-900
Auto trans shift flare Worn clutches/valve body; overheated ATF Service + cooler; rebuild if persistent $300-3500
Auto trans delayed engage Internal wear, low line pressure, old fluid Pressure test; rebuild or replacement $2500-5000
Transfer case noise/leak Low fluid, worn bearings/chain, seal leaks Reseal; rebuild case if noisy $400-2500
AWD binding/shudder Mismatched tires; viscous coupling stress Match tires; inspect coupling/diffs $400-2200
Front diff seal leaks Age; vent blockage; worn seals Replace seals; clean/extend diff vent $250-700
Driveshaft CSB failure Rubber carrier splits; age and torque Replace center bearing; balance shaft $400-1100
CV axle boot tears Age, lowered ride height, heat Reboot or replace axle; align afterward $250-900
Wheel bearing hum Age, water intrusion, heavy wheels Replace hub/bearing assembly $300-900
Front arm bush wear Soft OEM rubber; age; big wheels Replace arms/bushings; alignment $400-1200
Tension rod bush leak Hydraulic bushing ruptures Replace tension rods/bushings; align $250-800
Steering rack leaks Seal wear; contaminated fluid Rebuild/replace rack; flush system $700-1800
PS pump whine Air leaks, worn pump, wrong fluid Fix suction hose; rebuild/replace pump $200-900
HICAS faults (if fitted) Leaking actuator, bad sensor, old lines Repair or delete with lock bar $300-1500
Brake hardline corrosion Road salt; trapped dirt on rear lines Replace lines; inspect all unions $400-1500
Sticking brake calipers Seized sliders/pistons; old fluid Rebuild/replace calipers; flush fluid $300-1200
ABS sensor issues Broken wiring, rusted tone rings Repair wiring; replace sensors as needed $150-700
Hatch wiring breaks Harness flex at hinge; brittle insulation Repair/replace hatch loom sections $120-500
Water leaks into cabin Cowl/sunroof drains clogged; bad seals Clear drains; reseal; dry and treat rust $150-1200
Cluster/odometer faults Aging solder joints; swapped clusters Repair cluster; document mileage properly $150-600
AC weak at idle Low charge, tired compressor, fan issues Leak test; recharge; replace compressor $200-1400
Window regulator failure Worn cables/grease; motor strain Replace regulator; lube tracks $200-600
Rust in rear quarters Trapped moisture in arch seam, poor repairs Cut/weld metal; treat cavities; repaint $1500-6000
Rear subframe rust Salt exposure; neglected undercoating Replace subframe or blast/coat; new bushings $1200-4500
Unknown tune detonation Bad fuel, aggressive timing, wrong injectors Compression test; proper ECU tune on dyno $600-2500

Pre-Purchase Inspection Checklist

Critical Priority

  • Import/Title Verify VIN, export cert, US title matches
  • Emissions Legality Confirm your state rules; no surprises
  • Frame/Aprons Check front rails/aprons for wrinkles
  • RB Oil Pressure Hot idle oil pressure; low = worn engine
  • Cooling System Check rad end tanks, fans, temp stability
  • Timing Belt Proof RB: verify belt/water pump date & parts
  • Fuel Hoses Check for cracks/sweating near firewall
  • ECU/Mods Identify tune; avoid unknown piggybacks
  • AT Fluid Condition Smell/burnt fluid; check shift flare
  • Brake Lines Inspect hardlines for rust at rear axle
  • Tires Matching AWD: confirm same size/tread all corners

High Priority

  • Rust: Rear Quarters Check inner lip/arch seam for bubbling
  • Rust: Sills/Rockers Inspect pinch welds; look for swelling
  • Rust: Strut Towers Check front/rear towers for cracking/rust
  • Rust: Rear Subframe Probe subframe mounts; look for flaking
  • Rust: Floor Pans Lift carpets; check under deadening
  • Accident Repairs Look for overspray, seam sealer mismatch
  • Windshield Cowl Check for water leaks into cabin/ECU area
  • Cold Start Noise Listen for lifter tick/knock on cold start
  • Turbo Smoke Check blue smoke on decel/idle after boost
  • Coolant Condition Look for oil sheen/combustion bubbles
  • Heater Core Sweet smell/fogging; check damp carpets
  • Idler/Tensioner Listen for belt chirp; check service parts
  • Ignition Coils Misfire under load; check coil harness
  • Fuel Pump Noise Whine/lean under load; check fuel pressure
  • Injector Health Listen for dead cylinder; check plug color
  • Wiring Hacks Check for scotch-locks, twisted joins
  • AT Cooler Lines Check leaks at hardline/rubber joins
  • Manual Clutch Slip in 4th/5th; check engagement height
  • Transfer Case AWD: listen for whine; check leaks
  • Front Diff AWD: check diff oil; look for metal paste
  • Driveshaft CSB Vibration 40-60mph; check center bearing
  • CV Boots AWD: torn boots sling grease on chassis
  • Front Lower Arms Check ball joints and rear bush cracks
  • Rear HICAS If equipped: check leaks, warning light
  • Steering Rack Check rack boots for fluid; feel dead spot
  • SRS/Airbag Light Ensure no SRS light; check clock spring
  • Test Drive Boost Full-load pull; watch knock/hesitation

Medium Priority

  • Rear Hatch Leaks Check spare well for water and rust
  • Sunroof Drains Pour water; confirm drains flow under car
  • Boost Leaks Pressure test; check split couplers/IC
  • Spark Plug Wells Oil in wells = cam cover gasket leak
  • Vacuum Lines Cracked hoses cause idle/boost issues
  • PCV/Breather Excess crankcase pressure; oily intake
  • MAF Sensor Hesitation/stall; check MAF wiring/plug
  • O2 Sensor Rich smell/poor mpg; scan if possible
  • Battery/Charging Check alternator output; dim lights at idle
  • Rear Diff/LSD Clunk on throttle; check backlash/leaks
  • Wheel Bearings Humming with load change; check play
  • Tension Rod Bush Braking shimmy; look for fluid-filled leaks
  • Power Steering Pump whine; check reservoir for foam
  • Brake Calipers Sticking sliders; uneven pad wear
  • ABS Function Confirm ABS light off; test on gravel
  • Wheel Alignment Uneven wear = bent arms or bad bushings
  • HVAC Operation Check blend doors; AC cold at idle
  • AC Compressor Listen for clutch chatter; check pressures
  • Instrument Cluster Dead pixels/needle bounce; check odo docs
  • Hot Restart Heat soak start issues indicate fuel/ign

Generation History

WC34 (Stagea I) (1996-2001)

  • Skyline-derived chassis; wagon practicality
  • RB25DET turbo trims; strong tuning support
  • ATTESA-style AWD on key variants
  • 260RS Autech with RB26DETT (limited)
  • Series 2 refresh improves interior/ECU
  • Common 4AT; some 5MT on turbo models

M35 (Stagea II) (2001-2007)

  • VQ-series V6 focus; more modern platform
  • 250t turbo (VQ25DET) in early years
  • More comfort/tech; heavier, less raw
  • 5AT common; fewer enthusiast-spec options
  • Better daily usability; weaker JDM halo
  • NISMO/Axis styling packages exist

Market Data

Production Numbers & Rarity

Generation Years Total Built Notes
WC34 (C34-based) 1996-2001 estimated ~170,000 Estimate; Nissan did not publish full WC34 totals
WGNC34 260RS (Autech) 1997-1998 1734 Factory Autech build total
M35 2001-2007 estimated ~110,000 Estimate; includes all M35/NM35/PM35/PNM35

Rarest variant: Stagea 260RS Autech

How It Compares

Feature WC34 Nissan Skyline R33 Toyota Chaser JZX100
Layout/Drivetrain FR-based; RWD/AWD (varies) FR; RWD/AWD (ATTESA) FR; RWD (some AWD rare)
Body style 5-door wagon 2-door coupe/sedan 5-door wagon
Top factory engine RB26DETT (260RS) 2JZ-GTE 13B-REW
Common turbo engine RB25DET / VQ25DET EJ20 twin-turbo 1JZ-GTE
Factory power (JDM) Up to ~280 PS (260RS) ~280 PS (GT-R trims) ~280 PS
Transmission options 4AT/5AT; some 5MT 5MT common; some 4AT 5MT common
AWD system ATTESA-style on AWD trims ATTESA E-TS Symmetrical AWD
Practicality High cargo; family usable Low cargo; 2+2 High cargo; wagon
Tuning ecosystem Strong (RB/VQ support) Very strong (2JZ) Strong (EJ20), fragile if pushed
Parts availability Mechanical good; trim scarce Good; huge global base Good; but rotary specialists needed
Collector ceiling High for 260RS; mid otherwise Very high for GT-R High for manual twin-turbo
Value proposition Cheaper than GT-R; rarer wagon Pricier; stronger badge Often cheaper; less iconic
Daily drivability Good; M35 best daily Harsher; more focused Comfortable; luxury-leaning

Comparable Alternatives

Subaru Legacy GT-B

Twin-turbo AWD wagon; similar era and vibe

Audi S4 Avant B5

Fast AWD wagon; strong tuning, more luxury

Toyota Mark II JZX100

1JZ turbo FR sedan; similar tuning/value

Nissan Skyline R33

Closest mechanical cousin; more coupe/sedan focus

Volvo V70R (P2)

Turbo AWD wagon alternative; easier LHD sourcing

Frequently Asked Questions

Which Stagea is the most collectible?
The WC34 260RS Autech is the top collectible: RB26DETT, AWD, and limited numbers.
When is the Stagea legal to import to the U.S.?
Under the 25-year rule, WC34 cars become legal by build year (e.g., 1996 in 2021).
What should I pay for a good Stagea today?
Prices vary by trim/condition: NA autos are cheapest; clean turbo AWD and 260RS command big premiums.
Is the Stagea basically a Skyline wagon?
WC34 is closely related to R33-era Nissan hardware; many mechanical parts interchange, but wagon trim is unique.
Manual Stagea: how rare and worth it?
5MT cars are rarer and usually worth a premium for enthusiasts; verify factory manual vs swapped.
What are the biggest buying risks?
Rust, accident repairs, poor wiring/tunes, and worn AWD/drivetrain parts. Get underbody photos and compression tests.
Is the M35 Stagea a good alternative to WC34?
Yes for daily use: more modern comfort and VQ power. It’s typically less collectible than WC34/260RS.
What mods hurt value the most?
Irreversible changes: cut harnesses, widebody, cheap paint, and undocumented engine swaps. OEM+ mods hold value best.

Sources & References